SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Bernhard Rust</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bernhard Rust</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

</p>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Bernhard Rust</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Rust <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1934</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="Reich_Ministry_of_Science%2C_Education_and_Culture" title="Reich Ministry of Science, Education and Culture">Reich Minister of Science, Education and Culture</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>1 May 1934 – 30 April 1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Gustav_Adolf_Scheel" title="Gustav Adolf Scheel">Gustav Adolf Scheel</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Prussian Minister for Science, Culture and Public Education</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>2 February 1933 – 1 May 1934</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data">Adolf Hitler</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Wilhelm Kähler</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office abolished</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Gauleiter of South Hanover-Brunswick</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>1 October 1928 – November 1940</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Hartmann_Lauterbacher" title="Hartmann Lauterbacher">Hartmann Lauterbacher</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Gauleiter of North Hanover</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>22 March 1925 – 30 September 1928</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data">Adolf Hitler</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office abolished</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Additional positions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><span class="nobold">1933—1945</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data">Member of the <a href="Prussian_State_Council" title="Prussian State Council">Prussian State Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><span class="nobold">1933—1945</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data">Member of the <a href="Reichstag_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Reichstag (Nazi Germany)">Reichstag (Nazi Germany)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><span class="nobold">1932</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="Inspekteur_(NSDAP)" title="Inspekteur (NSDAP)">Landesinspekteur</a></i> for <a href="Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><span class="nobold">1930—1933</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data">Member of the <a href="Reichstag_(Weimar_Republic)" title="Reichstag (Weimar Republic)">Reichstag (Weimar Republic)</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Karl Josef Bernhard Rust</div><br><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1883-09-30</span>)</span>30 September 1883<br><a href="Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, <a href="Province_of_Hanover" title="Province of Hanover">Province of Hanover</a>, <a href="German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 May 1945<span style="display:none">(1945-05-08)</span> (aged 61)<br><a href="N%C3%BCbel" title="Nübel">Nübel</a>, <a href="Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Allied-occupied Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data">Suicide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="Neuberend" title="Neuberend">Neuberend</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br>affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="German_V%C3%B6lkisch_Freedom_Party" title="German Völkisch Freedom Party">German Völkisch Freedom Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="plainlist">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-inline{display:inline}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></li></ul>

<div class="marriage-display-inline"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Martha Haake</div>

<div class="marriage-display-inline"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Anna-Sofie Dietlein</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1920)<wbr></div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Johann Franz Rust (father)<br>Josefa Deppe (mother)<sup id="cite_ref-Kurzbiographie_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kurzbiographie-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Teacher</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cabinet</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Hitler_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler Cabinet">Hitler Cabinet</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data">Army</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1914–1918</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="Oberleutnant" title="Oberleutnant">Oberleutnant</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data">Infantry Regiment 368<br>Infantry Regiment 232</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a>, 1st and 2nd class</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Bernhard Rust</b> (30 September 1883 – 8 May 1945) was Minister of Science, Education and National Culture (<i><a href="Reichserziehungsministerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichserziehungsministerium">Reichserziehungsminister</a></i>) in <a href="Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-conscience134_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conscience134-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A combination of school administrator and zealous Nazi, he issued decrees, often bizarre, at every level of the German educational system to immerse German youth in Nazi ideology. He also served as the party <i><a href="Gauleiter" title="Gauleiter">Gauleiter</a></i> in Hanover and Brunswick from 1925 to 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-Kurzbiographie_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kurzbiographie-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_before_politics">Life before politics</h2></div>

<p>Rust was born in <a href="Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a> and obtained a doctorate in German philology and philosophy. After passing the state teaching examination with the grade <i>"gut"</i> (i.e. "good")<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1908, he became a high school teacher at Hanover's Ratsgymnasium, then served in the army during <a href="World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. He reached the rank of <i><a href="Oberleutnant" title="Oberleutnant">Oberleutnant</a></i>, served as a company commander and was awarded the <a href="Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a> first and second class for bravery. He was wounded in action and sustained a severe head injury, which caused serious mental and physical impairments for the rest of his life. He was discharged in December 1918 and returned to Hanover.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2></div>

<p>Rust joined the <a href="Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> in 1921 and was a cofounder of the <i>Ortsgruppe</i> (Local Group) in Hanover. When the party was banned in the aftermath of the <a href="Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">Beer Hall Putsch</a>, Rust joined the <a href="German_V%C3%B6lkisch_Freedom_Party" title="German Völkisch Freedom Party">German Völkisch Freedom Party</a> and served as an <i><a href="Ortsgruppenleiter" title="Ortsgruppenleiter">Ortsgruppenleiter</a></i> and later as <i><a href="Gauleiter" title="Gauleiter">Gauleiter</a></i> for Hanover. When the ban on the Nazi Party was lifted, he rejoined it (membership number 3,390). On 22 March 1925, he was named <i>Gauleiter</i> for the <a href="Administrative_divisions_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany"><i>Gau</i></a> of North Hanover. On 10 September 1925, Rust joined the <a href="National_Socialist_Working_Association" title="National Socialist Working Association">National Socialist Working Association</a> headed by <a href="Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Gregor Strasser</a>. This was an association of northern and western <i>Gauleiter</i> who supported the "socialist" wing of the Party until it was dissolved in 1926 following the <a href="Bamberg_Conference" title="Bamberg Conference">Bamberg Conference</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>When the <i>Gaue</i> were reorganised on 1 October 1928, Rust became the <i>Gauleiter</i> for <a href="Gau_Southern_Hanover-Brunswick" title="Gau Southern Hanover-Brunswick">Southern Hanover–Brunswick</a>. He retained that position until November 1940, when he was succeeded by <a href="Hartmann_Lauterbacher" title="Hartmann Lauterbacher">Hartmann Lauterbacher</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1930, he was elected to the <i><a href="Reichstag_(Weimar_Republic)" title="Reichstag (Weimar Republic)">Reichstag</a></i> from electoral constituency 16, <a href="South_Hanover-Braunschweig" class="mw-redirect" title="South Hanover-Braunschweig">South Hanover-Braunschweig</a>. He would retain this <i>Reichstag</i> seat through the end of the Nazi regime in 1945. On 15 July 1932 came his appointment as <i><a href="Inspekteur_(NSDAP)" title="Inspekteur (NSDAP)">Landesinspekteur</a></i> for <a href="Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>. In that position, he had oversight responsibility for his <i>Gau</i> and four others (Eastern-Hanover, North Westphalia, South Westphalia & Weser-Ems). That was a short-lived initiative by <a href="Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Gregor Strasser</a> to centralise control over the <i>Gaue</i>. However, it was unpopular with the <i>Gauleiter</i> and was repealed on Strasser's fall from power in December 1932. Rust then returned to his <i>Gauleiter</i> position in Southern Hanover-Brunswick.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Shortly after Hitler became chancellor in January 1933, Rust was appointed as the Prussian Minister for Science, Culture and Public Education on 2 February. He was made a member of the <a href="Prussian_State_Council_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Prussian State Council (Nazi Germany)">Prussian State Council</a> on 11 July and the <a href="Academy_for_German_Law" title="Academy for German Law">Academy for German Law</a> when it was formed in October 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 May 1934, he was selected as <i><a href="Reichsminister" title="Reichsminister">Reichsminister</a></i> of Science, Education and National Culture (<i>Wissenschaft, Erziehung und Volksbildung</i>) and set about to reshape the German educational system to conform to his ideals of Nazism. Considered by many to be mentally unstable, Rust would capriciously create new regulations and then repeal them just as quickly. One noted example was in 1935, when he changed the traditional six-day school week to five days, with Saturday to be "Reich's Youth Day", when children in the <a href="Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a> and the <a href="League_of_German_Girls" title="League of German Girls">League of German Girls</a> would be out of school for study and testing. He then ordered the creation of a "rolling week", with six days for study, followed by the "youth day" and a rest day, in eight-day periods. Thus, a rolling week starting on Monday would end with rest on the following Monday. The next rolling week would start on Tuesday and end eight days later on the next Tuesday. When the eight-day week proved unworkable, Rust went back to the former system.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>It was Rust who in 1933 issued a rule that students and teachers should greet each other with the Nazi salute "as a symbol of the new Germany". He added his opinion that it was "expected of every German", regardless of membership in the party.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rust was instrumental in purging German universities of Jews and others regarded as enemies of the state, most notably at the <a href="University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">University of Göttingen</a>. Nazi Germany's future leaders received their instruction elsewhere, in an <a href="National_Political_Institutes_of_Education" title="National Political Institutes of Education">NPEA</a>, or "Napola" (NAtionalPOLitische erziehungsAnstalten), of which there were 30 in the nation, where they would receive training to become administrators of conquered provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>He bluntly informed teachers that their aim was to educate ethnically aware Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-conscience134_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conscience134-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rust also believed that non-Aryan science (such as <a href="Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>'s "<a href="Deutsche_Physik" title="Deutsche Physik">Jewish physics</a>") was flawed and had what he felt to be a rational explanation for that view. In an address to scientists, he said, "The problems of science do not present themselves in the same way to all men. The Negro or the Jew will view the same world in a different light from the German investigator".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Erika_Mann" title="Erika Mann">Erika Mann</a>, the daughter of <a href="Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a>, wrote an exposé of the Rust system in 1938, <i>School for Barbarians</i>, followed in 1941 by <a href="Gregor_Ziemer" title="Gregor Ziemer">Gregor Ziemer</a>'s <i><a href="Education_for_Death" title="Education for Death">Education for Death</a></i>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2></div>

<p>Rust reportedly committed suicide on 8 May 1945, when Germany surrendered to Allied forces.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spelling_reform">Spelling reform</h2></div>

<p>Rust prepared a reform of German <a href="Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a>, and his fairly-extensive version corresponded to the ideas of the spelling reformers of the 1970s (lowercase common nouns, elimination of lengthening symbols). The attempt met internal resistance within the Reich's ministry. The <a href="German_orthography_reform_of_1944" title="German orthography reform of 1944">German orthography reform of 1944</a> also failed.

</p><p>Before those failures, the rules of the reform had been printed in millions of copies intended for classroom use and published in numerous newspapers. The 1944 reform was postponed on the orders of Hitler because it was "not important for the war effort". Some of Rust's innovations had, however, found their way into the 1942 <a href="Duden" title="Duden">Duden</a>, such as the spelling of the word <i>Kautsch</i> for <i>Couch</i>, which persisted into the 1980s.

</p><p>Many of the proposed changes were finally implemented with the <a href="German_orthography_reform_of_1996" title="German orthography reform of 1996">German orthography reform of 1996</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFJanthor2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Janthor, Guido (27 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216074413/https://www.luftschutzbunker-hannover.de/home/ftp-server/rust_02.pdf">"Kurzbiographie über den ehem. Gauleiter Bernhard Rust"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). Hannover. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.luftschutzbunker-hannover.de/home/ftp-server/rust_02.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-conscience134-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-conscience134_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conscience134_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Claudia_Koonz" title="Claudia Koonz">Claudia Koonz</a>, <i>The Nazi Conscience</i>, p 134 <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-674-01172-4</bdi></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hitlers Bildungsreformer: Das Reichsministerium für Wissenschaft, Erziehung und Volksbildung 1934–1945, by Anne C. Nagel, Fischer publishing house, 2012, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3596194254</bdi></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael D. Miller & Andreas Schulz: Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925–1945, Volume II (Georg Joel – Dr. Bernhard Rust), R. James Bender Publishing, 2017, p. 415, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-932970-32-0</bdi>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael D. Miller & Andreas Schulz: Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925–1945, Volume II (Georg Joel – Dr. Bernhard Rust), R. James Bender Publishing, 2017, pp. 415–416, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-932970-32-0</bdi>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karl Höffkes: Hitlers politische Generale. Die Gauleiter des Dritten Reiches. Ein biographisches Nachschlagewerk, Grabert-Verlag, Tübingen, 1986, p. 278, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>3-87847-163-7</bdi>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dietrich Orlow: The History of the Nazi Party: 1919–1933 (University of Pittsburgh Press), 1969, pp. 273–295 <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-8229-3183-4</bdi>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael D. Miller & Andreas Schulz: Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925–1945, Volume II (Georg Joel – Dr. Bernhard Rust), R. James Bender Publishing, 2017, pp. 418–419, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-932970-32-0</bdi>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Current Biography 1942</i>, p 725; "The Good Earth", <i><a href="Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, 30 September 1935</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Sub-Dictator", <i>Time</i>, 21 August 1933</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"How Nazis are Trained", <i>Time</i>, 25 August 1941</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Current Biography 1942</i>, p727</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGoeschel2009" class="citation cs2">Goeschel, Christian (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EIjccRg7_UYC&pg=PA152"><i>Suicide in Nazi Germany</i></a>, OUP Oxford, p. 152, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0191567568</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .infobox .side-box{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="side-box side-box-right sistersitebox">

<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bernhard_Rust" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Bernhard Rust">Bernhard Rust</a></span>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spartacus-educational.com/GERrust.htm">Short biography of Rust</a></li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz64592.html">"Rust, Karl Josef Bernhard"</a>. <i>Deutsche Biographie</i> (in German).</cite></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/015221">Newspaper clippings about Bernhard Rust</a> in the <a href="20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reichstag-abgeordnetendatenbank.de/selectmaske.html?pnd=119368617&recherche=ja">Information about Bernhard Rust</a> in the Reichstag database</li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Hitler_Cabinet378" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Members_of_the_Hitler_Cabinet378" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Hitler_cabinet" title="Hitler cabinet">Members of the Hitler Cabinet</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor</a>:</b> <a href="Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="Vice-Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Vice-Chancellor of Germany">Vice-Chancellor</a>:</b> <a href="Franz_von_Papen" title="Franz von Papen">Franz von Papen</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><b>Deputy Führer:</b> <a href="Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Rudolf Hess</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="President_of_the_Reichstag" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Reichstag">President of the Reichstag</a>:</b> <a href="Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:60em;"><div>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Reich_Ministry_of_Armaments_and_War_Production" title="Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production">Armaments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Fritz_Todt" title="Fritz Todt">Fritz Todt</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Ministry_of_Aviation_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Ministry of Aviation (Nazi Germany)">Aviation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Church Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hanns_Kerrl" title="Hanns Kerrl">Hanns Kerrl</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hermann_Muhs" title="Hermann Muhs">Hermann Muhs</a> (acting)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Reich_Ministry_for_the_Occupied_Eastern_Territories" title="Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories">Eastern Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Alfred_Hugenberg" title="Alfred Hugenberg">Alfred Hugenberg</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Kurt_Schmitt" title="Kurt Schmitt">Kurt Schmitt</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hjalmar_Schacht" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Hjalmar Schacht</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Walther_Funk" title="Walther Funk">Walther Funk</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Reich_Ministry_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Reich Ministry of Education">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Lutz_Graf_Schwerin_von_Krosigk" title="Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk">Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Reich_Ministry_of_Food_and_Agriculture" title="Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture">Food and Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Alfred_Hugenberg" title="Alfred Hugenberg">Alfred Hugenberg</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Richard Walther Darré</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Herbert_Backe" title="Herbert Backe">Herbert Backe</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Foreign Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">Konstantin von Neurath</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Wilhelm Frick</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Justice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Franz_G%C3%BCrtner" title="Franz Gürtner">Franz Gürtner</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Franz_Schlegelberger" title="Franz Schlegelberger">Franz Schlegelberger</a> (acting)</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Otto_Georg_Thierack" title="Otto Georg Thierack">Otto Georg Thierack</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:60em;"><div>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Labour</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Franz_Seldte" title="Franz Seldte">Franz Seldte</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postal Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Paul_Freiherr_von_Eltz-R%C3%BCbenach" title="Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach">Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Wilhelm_Ohnesorge" title="Wilhelm Ohnesorge">Wilhelm Ohnesorge</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Ministry_of_Public_Enlightenment_and_Propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda">Propaganda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Ministry_of_the_Reichswehr" title="Ministry of the Reichswehr">Reichswehr</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Werner_von_Blomberg" title="Werner von Blomberg">Werner von Blomberg</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Reich_Ministry_of_Transport" title="Reich Ministry of Transport">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Paul_Freiherr_von_Eltz-R%C3%BCbenach" title="Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach">Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Julius_Dorpm%C3%BCller" title="Julius Dorpmüller">Julius Dorpmüller</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Minister_without_portfolio" title="Minister without portfolio">Reichsministers without portfolio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Hans Frank</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Wilhelm Frick</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Rudolf Hess</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Konstantin_Hierl" title="Konstantin Hierl">Konstantin Hierl</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hanns_Kerrl" title="Hanns Kerrl">Hanns Kerrl</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hans_Lammers" title="Hans Lammers">Hans Lammers</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">Konstantin von Neurath</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Ernst Röhm</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hjalmar_Schacht" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Hjalmar Schacht</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Arthur Seyss-Inquart</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Members granted rank & authority<br>equivalent to a Reichsminister</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Walther_von_Brauchitsch" title="Walther von Brauchitsch">Walther von Brauchitsch</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Karl_Hermann_Frank" title="Karl Hermann Frank">Karl Hermann Frank</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Werner_von_Fritsch" title="Werner von Fritsch">Werner von Fritsch</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Wilhelm_Keitel" title="Wilhelm Keitel">Wilhelm Keitel</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Otto_Meissner" title="Otto Meissner">Otto Meissner</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Erich_Raeder" title="Erich Raeder">Erich Raeder</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="Reichsf%C3%BChrer_SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsführer SS">Reichsführer SS</a>:</b> <a href="Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="Stabschef_SA" class="mw-redirect" title="Stabschef SA">Stabschef SA</a>:</b> <a href="Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Ernst Röhm</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nazism434" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Nazism434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt">

<ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="Artaman_League" title="Artaman League">Artaman League</a></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Geheime Staatspolizei</a></i></span></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Deutscher_Fichte-Bund" title="Deutscher Fichte-Bund">Deutscher Fichte-Bund</a></i></span></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Deutsches Jungvolk</a></i></span></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Franz_Eher_Nachfolger" title="Franz Eher Nachfolger">Franz Eher Nachfolger</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a></li>

<li><a href="League_of_German_Girls" title="League of German Girls">League of German Girls</a></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Organisation_Todt" title="Organisation Todt">Organisation Todt</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="National_Socialist_German_Doctors'_League" title="National Socialist German Doctors' League">NSDÄB</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Socialist_German_Students'_League" title="National Socialist German Students' League">NSDStB</a></li>

<li><a href="Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Nazi media organizations</a>

<ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Nationalsozialistische_Monatshefte" title="Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte">Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte</a></i></span></li>

<li><i><a href="Neues_Volk" title="Neues Volk">Neues Volk</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="NS-Frauen-Warte" title="NS-Frauen-Warte">NS-Frauen-Warte</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Das_Reich_(newspaper)" title="Das Reich (newspaper)">Das Reich</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></i></span> (SD)</li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></i></span> (SA)</li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></i></span> (SS)

<ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="SS-Gefolge_(Women's_SS_Division)" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Gefolge (Women's SS Division)">SS Gefolge</a></i></span></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></i></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Nazi_Germany#History" title="Nazi Germany">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt">

<li><a href="Early_timeline_of_Nazism" title="Early timeline of Nazism">Early timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Socialist_Program" title="National Socialist Program">National Socialist Program</a></li>

<li><a href="Adolf_Hitler's_rise_to_power" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Hitler's rise to power</a></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Adolf_Hitler's_rise_to_power#Seizure_of_control_(1931–1933)" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Machtergreifung</a></i></span></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="German_rearmament" title="German rearmament">German rearmament</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Kirchenkampf" title="Kirchenkampf">Kirchenkampf</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="Adolf_Hitler's_cult_of_personality" title="Adolf Hitler's cult of personality">Hitler's personality cult</a></li>

<li><a href="Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act of 1933</a></li>

<li><a href="Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuremberg_rallies" title="Nuremberg rallies">Nuremberg rallies</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a></i></span></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li>

<li><a href="1938%E2%80%931939_German_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet">1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet</a></li>

<li><a href="Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li>

<li><a href="Denazification" title="Denazification">Denazification</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></li>

<p><a href="Final_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Final solution">Final solution</a>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Concentration camps</a></li>

<li><a href="Deportation" title="Deportation">Deportations</a></li>

<li><a href="Doctors'_Trial" title="Doctors' Trial">Doctors' Trial</a></li>

<li><a href="Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination camps</a></li>

<li><a href="Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazi_ghettos" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi ghettos">Ghettos</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Human experimentation</a></li>

<li><a href="Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">Labour camps</a></li>

<li><a href="Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogroms</a></li>

<li><a href="Racial_segregation#Germany" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Nazism#Ideology_and_programme" title="Nazism">Ideology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt">

<li><a href="Aestheticization_of_politics" title="Aestheticization of politics">Aestheticization of politics</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-communism#Nazism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-intellectualism#Fascism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li>

<li><a href="Fascism_and_ideology#Liberalism" title="Fascism and ideology">Anti-liberalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Pacifism#Criticism" title="Pacifism">Anti-pacifism</a></li>

<li><a href="Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a></li>

<li><a href="Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li>

<li><a href="Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a></li>

<li><a href="Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracism</a>

<ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Dolchsto%C3%9Flegende" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolchstoßlegende">Dolchstoßlegende</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International Jewry</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Judeo-Bolshevism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Corporatism#Fascist_corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li>

<li><a href="Counter-Enlightenment#Nazism_and_Fascism_as_products_of_the_Counter-Enlightenment" title="Counter-Enlightenment">Counter-Enlightenment</a></li>

<li><a href="Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li>

<li><a href="Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a>

<ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="F%C3%BChrerprinzip" title="Führerprinzip">Führerprinzip</a></i></span></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazi_eugenics" title="Nazi eugenics">Eugenics</a></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Geopolitik" title="Geopolitik">Geopolitik</a></i></span></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Heimat" title="Heimat">Heimat</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="German_imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="German imperialism">Imperialism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Heim_ins_Reich" title="Heim ins Reich">Heim ins Reich</a></i></span></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="German_militarism" title="German militarism">Militarism</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazi_morality" title="Nazi morality">Morality</a></li>

<li><a href="German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">Nationalism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethno</a></li>

<li><a href="Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a></li>

<li><a href="Palingenetic_ultranationalism" title="Palingenetic ultranationalism">Palingenetic</a></li>

<li><a href="Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary</a></li>

<li><a href="Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="New_Order_(Nazism)" title="New Order (Nazism)">New Order</a></li>

<li><a href="One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party state</a></li>

<li><a href="Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li>

<li><a href="Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Propaganda</a></li>

<li><a href="Prussianism" title="Prussianism">Prussianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">Racism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Anti-Slavic sentiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Aryan_race#Nazism" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a></li>

<li><a href="Aryanism" title="Aryanism">Aryanism</a></li>

<li><a href="Master_race" title="Master race">Master race</a></li>

<li><a href="Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Nordic_Indo-Germanic_People#The_Third_Reich,_successor_of_the_Indogermans" title="Nordic Indo-Germanic People">Nordic Indo-Germanic people</a></li>

<li><a href="Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Rassenschande" title="Rassenschande">Rassenschande</a></i></span></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Untermenschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Untermenschen">Untermenschen</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="V%C3%B6lkisch_equality" title="Völkisch equality">Völkisch equality</a></li>

<li><a href="V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">Völkisch movement</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></li>

<li><a href="German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_Darwinism#Nazism,_eugenics,_fascism,_imperialism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_interventionism" title="Social interventionism">Social interventionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li>

<li><a href="State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Syncretic_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li>

<li><a href="Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Volksgemeinschaft" title="Volksgemeinschaft">Volksgemeinschaft</a></i></span></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Volksk%C3%B6rper" title="Volkskörper">Volkskörper</a></i></span></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">Politicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt">

<li><a href="Walter_Julius_Bloem" title="Walter Julius Bloem">Bloem</a></li>

<li><a href="Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Bormann</a></li>

<li><a href="Kurt_Daluege" title="Kurt Daluege">Daluege</a></li>

<li><a href="Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Dönitz</a></li>

<li><a href="Anton_Drexler" title="Anton Drexler">Drexler</a></li>

<li><a href="Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Eichmann</a></li>

<li><a href="Hermann_Esser" title="Hermann Esser">Esser</a></li>

<li><a href="Eugen_Fischer" title="Eugen Fischer">Fischer</a></li>

<li><a href="Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Frank</a></li>

<li><a href="Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Frick</a></li>

<li><a href="Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Heydrich</a></li>

<li><a href="Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Himmler</a></li>

<li><a href="Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a></li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Goebbels</a></li>

<li><a href="Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Göring</a></li>

<li><a href="Carlos_Keller" title="Carlos Keller">Keller</a></li>

<li><a href="Hans_Lammers" title="Hans Lammers">Lammers</a></li>

<li><a href="Viktor_Lutze" title="Viktor Lutze">Lutze</a></li>

<li><a href="Unity_Mitford" title="Unity Mitford">Mitford</a></li>

<li><a href="Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">von Neurath</a></li>

<li><a href="Vidkun_Quisling#Head_of_the_government" title="Vidkun Quisling">Quisling</a></li>

<li><a href="Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">von Ribbentrop</a></li>

<li><a href="Hjalmar_Schacht#Involvement_with_the_NSDAP_(Nazi_Party)_and_government" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Schacht</a></li>

<li><a href="Baldur_von_Schirach" title="Baldur von Schirach">von Schirach</a></li>

<li><a href="Gertrud_Scholtz-Klink" title="Gertrud Scholtz-Klink">Scholtz-Klink</a></li>

<li><a href="Franz_Seldte" title="Franz Seldte">Seldte</a></li>

<li><a href="Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Seyss-Inquart</a></li>

<li><a href="Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Speer</a></li>

<li><a href="Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Strasser (Gregor)</a></li>

<li><a href="Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Strasser (Otto)</a></li>

<li><a href="Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Streicher</a></li>

<li><a href="Otto_Georg_Thierack" title="Otto Georg Thierack">Thierack</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt">

<p>Pre-<i>Machtergreifung</i>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Ernst_Moritz_Arndt" title="Ernst Moritz Arndt">Arndt</a></li>

<li><a href="%C3%89mile-Louis_Burnouf" title="Émile-Louis Burnouf">Burnouf</a></li>

<li><a href="Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li>

<li><a href="%C3%89douard_Drumont" title="Édouard Drumont">Drumont</a></li>

<li><a href="Dietrich_Eckart" title="Dietrich Eckart">Eckart</a></li>

<li><a href="Theodor_Fritsch" title="Theodor Fritsch">Fritsch</a></li>

<li><a href="Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a></li>

<li><a href="Madison_Grant" title="Madison Grant">Grant</a></li>

<li><a href="J%C3%B6rg_Lanz_von_Liebenfels" title="Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels">von Liebenfels</a></li>

<li><a href="Karl_Lueger" title="Karl Lueger">Lueger</a></li>

<li><a href="Influence_and_reception_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche#Nietzsche_and_fascism" title="Influence and reception of Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(contentious)</span></li>

<li><a href="Friedrich_Ratzel#Writings" title="Friedrich Ratzel">Ratzel</a></li>

<li><a href="Wilhelm_Heinrich_Riehl" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl">Riehl</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Ruskin#Politics_and_critique_of_political_economy" title="John Ruskin">Ruskin</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Wagner#Views" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a></li></ul>

<p>Post-<i>Machtergreifung</i>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Heinrich_Anacker" title="Heinrich Anacker">Anacker</a></li>

<li><a href="Alfred_Baeumler" title="Alfred Baeumler">Baeumler</a></li>

<li><a href="Ernst_Bergmann_(philosopher)" title="Ernst Bergmann (philosopher)">Bergmann</a></li>

<li><a href="Alfred-Ingemar_Berndt" title="Alfred-Ingemar Berndt">Berndt</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Darré</a></li>

<li><a href="Kurt_Eggers" title="Kurt Eggers">Eggers</a></li>

<li><a href="Walther_Eichrodt" title="Walther Eichrodt">Eichrodt</a></li>

<li><a href="Gottfried_Feder" title="Gottfried Feder">Feder</a></li>

<li><a href="Hans_Grimm" title="Hans Grimm">Grimm</a></li>

<li><a href="Hans_F._K._G%C3%BCnther" title="Hans F. K. Günther">Günther</a></li>

<li><a href="Jakob_Wilhelm_Hauer" title="Jakob Wilhelm Hauer">Hauer</a></li>

<li><a href="Karl_Haushofer" title="Karl Haushofer">Haushofer</a></li>

<li><a href="Martin_Heidegger_and_Nazism" title="Martin Heidegger and Nazism">Heidegger</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(contentious)</span></li>

<li><a href="Willibald_Hentschel" title="Willibald Hentschel">Hentschel</a></li>

<li><a href="Alfred_Hoche" title="Alfred Hoche">Hoche</a></li>

<li><a href="Amin_al-Husseini#Ties_with_the_Axis_Powers_during_World_War_II" title="Amin al-Husseini">al-Husseini</a></li>

<li><a href="Paul_Krannhals" title="Paul Krannhals">Krannhals</a></li>

<li><a href="Ernst_Krieck" title="Ernst Krieck">Kriek</a></li>

<li><a href="Charles_Lindbergh#Antisemitism_and_views_on_race" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li>

<li><a href="Ludwig_M%C3%BCller" title="Ludwig Müller">Müller</a></li>

<li><a href="Johann_Plenge" title="Johann Plenge">Plenge</a></li>

<li><a href="Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Rosenberg</a></li>

<li><a href="Antoun_Saadeh" title="Antoun Saadeh">Saadeh</a></li>

<li><a href="Ernst_Sch%C3%A4fer" title="Ernst Schäfer">Schäfer</a></li>

<li><a href="Herman_Schmalenbach" title="Herman Schmalenbach">Schmalenbach</a></li>

<li><a href="Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(contentious)</span></li>

<li><a href="Rudolf_von_Sebottendorf" title="Rudolf von Sebottendorf">von Sebottendorf</a></li>

<li><a href="Hermann_Schwarz_(philosopher)" title="Hermann Schwarz (philosopher)">Schwarz</a></li>

<li><a href="Wilhelm_Stapel" title="Wilhelm Stapel">Stapel</a></li>

<li><a href="Giselher_Wirsing" title="Giselher Wirsing">Wirsing</a></li>

<li><a href="Ferdinand_Zimmermann" title="Ferdinand Zimmermann">Zimmermann</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Atrocities<br> and war crimes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Aktion_T4" title="Aktion T4">Action T4</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a></li>

<li><a href="Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination camp</a></li>

<li><a href="Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Human experimentation</a></li>

<li><a href="Romani_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani genocide">Romani genocide</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outside<br>Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt">

<ul><li><a href="Nazism_in_the_Americas" title="Nazism in the Americas">Americas</a>

<ul><li><a href="Nazism_in_Brazil" title="Nazism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazism_in_Chile" title="Nazism in Chile">Chile</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazism_in_Mexico" title="Nazism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Europe

<ul><li>Greece</li>

<li><a href="Nazism_in_Sweden" title="Nazism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<dl><dt>Parties</dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Arrow_Cross_Party" title="Arrow Cross Party">Arrow Cross Party</a></li>

<li><a href="Frontist_movement" title="Frontist movement">Frontist movement</a></li>

<li><a href="German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li>

<li><a href="German_National_Movement_in_Liechtenstein" title="German National Movement in Liechtenstein">German National Movement<br>in Liechtenstein</a></li>

<li><a href="Nasjonal_Samling" title="Nasjonal Samling">Nasjonal Samling</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Socialist_Movement_(Netherlands)" title="National Socialist Movement (Netherlands)">National Socialist<br>Movement (Netherlands)</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Socialist_Movement_of_Chile" title="National Socialist Movement of Chile">National Socialist Movement of Chile</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Socialist_Workers'_Party_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark">National Socialist Workers'<br>Party of Denmark</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Ossewabrandwag" title="Ossewabrandwag">Ossewabrandwag</a></i></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt">

<li><a href="List_of_Nazi_doctors" title="List of Nazi doctors">Doctors</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_last_surviving_people_suspected_of_participation_in_Nazi_war_crimes" title="List of last surviving people suspected of participation in Nazi war crimes">Last surviving war crime suspects</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Nazis" title="List of Nazis">Nazi Party members</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_nicknames_and_pseudonyms_of_Nazis" title="List of nicknames and pseudonyms of Nazis">Nicknames and pseudonyms</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">NSDAP leaders and officials</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Nazi_publishers" title="List of Nazi publishers">Publishers</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_SS_personnel" title="List of SS personnel">SS personnel</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Role and impact in <br> German society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Nazism_and_the_Wehrmacht" title="Nazism and the Wehrmacht">The Wehrmacht</a></li>

<li><a href="Economy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Economy of Nazi Germany">Economy</a></li>

<li><a href="Former_German_nobility_in_the_Nazi_Party" title="Former German nobility in the Nazi Party">Nobility</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br>topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt">

<ul><li><a href="Nazi_analogies" title="Nazi analogies">Analogies</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazism_and_cinema" title="Nazism and cinema">Cinema</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="Ats%C4%B1zism" title="Atsızism">Atsızism</a></i></li>

<li>"<a href="Beefsteak_Nazi" title="Beefsteak Nazi">Beefsteak Nazi</a>"</li>

<li><a href="Economy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Economy of Nazi Germany">Economy</a></li>

<li><a href="Denordification" title="Denordification">Denordification</a>

<ul><li><a href="Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Glossary of Nazi Germany">Glossary</a></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Drang_nach_Osten" title="Drang nach Osten">Drang nach Osten</a></i></span></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li>

<li><a href="Horst-Wessel-Lied" title="Horst-Wessel-Lied">Horst-Wessel-Lied</a></li>

<li><a href="Political_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Political views of Adolf Hitler">Hitler's political views</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazi_propaganda_and_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom">Propaganda and the UK</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazi_racial_theories" title="Nazi racial theories">Racial theories</a></li>

<li><a href="Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li>

<li><a href="Women_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Women in Nazi Germany">Women</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57698#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1893" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57698#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1893" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000082510135">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/64815629">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/483125">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxd4bmbRmvKXkrpwrWxDq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119368617">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2002069084">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb170751153">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb170751153">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0073966&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073880019">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_119368617">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/119368617.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119368617">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/24230432X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6ms6cnp">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/3ba7b51a-f511-4528-84be-d734bf08a544">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-11" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Bernhard_Rust&oldid=1299894116">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>